Backend, Data & Security Core A2 · Formal specification Platform: General

Authenticated Encryption (AEAD)

Authenticated encryption (AEAD) turns readable data into secret data that can be changed back with an approved key. It also detects if the encrypted data or linked details were changed.

See how it works
You might call it AEADauthenticated encryptionencryption

See how it works

Original worked exampleAuthenticated Encryption (AEAD)

Another example

Customer export files use an approved AES mode and a new nonce each time. A managed key service holds the keys. Without approved key access, the files stay unreadable and changes can be found. Encoding and hashing are not encryption. Encryption cannot fix permissions that are too broad.

Main parts

  1. 01approved AEAD algorithm
  2. 02key and unique nonce
  3. 03ciphertext and authentication tag

Use it when

Use this term when private data must be decrypted only with managed keys and an approved method.

Do not use it when

Do not invent encryption, reuse a nonce the wrong way, put keys in code, or call Base64 encryption.

Name used in code

plaintext + key + nonce → authenticated ciphertext

Before you ship

Check contracts and invariants, authorization, and input limits. Test retries, one-time effects, timeouts, and partial failures. Verify data integrity, compatibility, monitoring, recovery, and rollback.

Request you can copy

Outcome: Design or review Authenticated Encryption (AEAD) for this system while keeping data correct, secure, and easy to operate. User context: Customer export files use an approved AES mode and a new nonce each time. A managed key service holds the keys. Without approved key access, the files stay unreadable and changes can be found. Encoding and hashing are not encryption. Encryption cannot fix permissions that are too broad. Technical concept or control: Authenticated Encryption (AEAD). Why it fits: Use this term when private data must be decrypted only with managed keys and an approved method. Do not use it when: Do not invent encryption, reuse a nonce the wrong way, put keys in code, or call Base64 encryption. Engineering requirements: Define inputs, outputs, contracts, and rules that must always hold. Set authorization and input checks. Define failures, timeouts, retries, one-time effects, data moves, and compatibility limits. Operations: Add useful signals and logs that hide sensitive data. Set capacity limits and write an operator guide. Test recovery and rollback. Acceptance criteria: Contract and failure-path tests pass. Data and authorization rules still hold during retries and partial failures. Check performance limits, monitoring, recovery, and rollback. Evidence and limits (evidence boundary): A formal document may still be a draft, release candidate, or final version. Check its status and browser or platform support. Unknowns to confirm: Where the code runs, data stores, traffic shape, consistency needs, and the security boundary. Also confirm the compatibility period, service goals, and rollback limits.

Check this request

Review the current use of Authenticated Encryption (AEAD). Definition: Authenticated encryption (AEAD) turns readable data into secret data that can be changed back with an approved key. It also detects if the encrypted data or linked details were changed. Release checks: Check contracts and invariants, authorization, and input limits. Test retries, one-time effects, timeouts, and partial failures. Verify data integrity, compatibility, monitoring, recovery, and rollback. Before changing code, report the evidence you found, gaps, severity, and the smallest safe fix.

A2
How official is this term?

Formal specification

A published, versioned formal specification defines this term for the listed technical scope.

A formal document may still be a draft, release candidate, or final version. Check its status and browser or platform support.

Scope
GCM authenticated-encryption construction
Document status
stable
Checked on
2026-07-30

Evidence sources & scope

Authority source + Term reference · NIST · stable Recommendation for Galois/Counter Mode (GCM) and GMAC — 5.2 GCM Functions 5.2 GCM Functions Scope: Authenticated encryption with associated data; direct scope: 5.2 GCM Functions Role here: Direct term reference Source covers: canonical name, definition, semantics, implementation Authority source · NIST · stable Recommendation for Galois/Counter Mode (GCM) and GMAC Scope: Authenticated encryption with associated data Role here: Authority within stated scope Source covers: canonical name, definition, semantics, implementation

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