Layout & CSS More detail A2 · Formal specification Platform: Web

Cascade Layers

Cascade layers are named groups that set the order of CSS rules. The browser checks this order before it compares selector specificity.

See how it works
You might call it @layercascade architecture

See how it works

Original worked exampleCascade Layers

Another example

A site declares `@layer reset, tokens, components, utilities, overrides`. A low-weight utility can then beat a complex component selector because its layer comes later. Vendor CSS goes in the earliest layer, and a temporary override can be removed without leaving longer selectors behind.

Main parts

  1. 01Declared layer order
  2. 02Rules inside layers
  3. 03Unlayered boundary

Use it when

Set one shared layer order for resets, dependencies, components, utilities, and product overrides.

Do not use it when

Do not make a layer for every component. Also remember that normal unlayered author rules come after layered rules and can beat them.

Name used in code

@layer reset, base, components, utilities, overrides

Before you ship

Check content order, shared design values, component consistency, contrast, zoom, and layout changes by screen size. Verify every theme, language, and state. If there is motion, offer an equal reduced-motion experience.

Request you can copy

Outcome: Use or define Cascade Layers to make the visual experience clear and easy to use. User context: A site declares `@layer reset, tokens, components, utilities, overrides`. A low-weight utility can then beat a complex component selector because its layer comes later. Vendor CSS goes in the earliest layer, and a temporary override can be removed without leaving longer selectors behind. Design concept to apply: Cascade Layers. Why it fits: Set one shared layer order for resets, dependencies, components, utilities, and product overrides. Do not use it when: Do not make a layer for every component. Also remember that normal unlayered author rules come after layered rules and can beat them. Design requirements: Set the content order, shared design values, and reusable components. Define how the layout changes by screen size and state. Keep useful design choices separate from decoration. Inclusion and resilience: Check contrast, zoom, languages, themes, and reduced motion when needed. Do not use color or effects as the only way to show meaning. Acceptance criteria: The design stays clear on phones and desktops, at zoom, in every theme, and in all supported languages. Interactive states stay clear and consistent. Evidence and limits (evidence boundary): A formal document may still be a draft, release candidate, or final version. Check its status and browser or platform support. Unknowns to confirm: Brand limits, amount of content, supported themes and languages, target devices, and design-system rules.

Check this request

Review the current use of Cascade Layers. Definition: Cascade layers are named groups that set the order of CSS rules. The browser checks this order before it compares selector specificity. Release checks: Check content order, shared design values, component consistency, contrast, zoom, and layout changes by screen size. Verify every theme, language, and state. If there is motion, offer an equal reduced-motion experience. Before changing code, report the evidence you found, gaps, severity, and the smallest safe fix.

A2
How official is this term?

Formal specification

A published, versioned formal specification defines this term for the listed technical scope.

A formal document may still be a draft, release candidate, or final version. Check its status and browser or platform support.

Scope
CSS cascade layers
Document status
draft
Checked on
2026-07-30

Evidence sources & scope

Authority source + Term reference · W3C CSS Working Group · draft CSS Cascading and Inheritance Level 5 — Cascade layer ordering Cascade layer ordering Scope: CSS cascade; direct scope: Cascade layer ordering Role here: Direct term reference Source covers: canonical name, definition, semantics, implementation Authority source · W3C CSS Working Group · draft CSS Cascading and Inheritance Level 5 Scope: CSS cascade Role here: Authority within stated scope Source covers: canonical name, definition, semantics, implementation

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